Academic language, the language used in academic settings, is distinct from everyday language in its complexity, precision, and formality. It is the language of textbooks, lectures, research papers, and other academic materials. Mastering academic language is essential for success in higher education and beyond.
This article provides a comprehensive list of 700 expressions of academic language, organized into 10 categories:
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Language | : | English |
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- Nouns
- Verbs
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Prepositions
- Conjunctions
- Determiners
- Quantifiers
- Modal verbs
- Phrasal verbs
Each expression is accompanied by a definition and an example sentence.
Nouns
Academic language nouns are often abstract and complex. They refer to concepts, ideas, and theories. Some common academic language nouns include:
- Analysis: The process of breaking down a complex idea into its component parts.
- Argument: A statement or group of statements that is intended to support a .
- Concept: An abstract idea or principle.
- Hypothesis: A proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
- Methodology: The methods and procedures used to conduct a study.
- Perspective: A particular way of viewing or understanding a topic.
- Theory: A set of principles that explains a phenomenon.
Verbs
Academic language verbs are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to express complex ideas and relationships. Some common academic language verbs include:
- Analyze: To break down a complex idea into its component parts.
- Argue: To present a statement or group of statements that is intended to support a .
- Compare: To examine two or more things to identify their similarities and differences.
- Contrast: To examine two or more things to identify their differences.
- Define: To provide a clear and concise explanation of a term or concept.
- Discuss: To examine a topic in depth, considering different perspectives and arguments.
- Evaluate: To assess the value or worth of something.
Adjectives
Academic language adjectives are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to describe complex ideas and relationships. Some common academic language adjectives include:
- Abstract: Not concrete or tangible.
- Analytical: Relating to the process of breaking down a complex idea into its component parts.
- Comparative: Relating to the process of examining two or more things to identify their similarities and differences.
- Comprehensive: Thorough and inclusive.
- Conceptual: Relating to a concept or idea.
- Contextual: Dependent on the context in which it is used.
- Critical: Involving careful judgment and evaluation.
Adverbs
Academic language adverbs are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Some common academic language adverbs include:
- Accordingly: In a way that is appropriate or consistent.
- Consequently: As a result or consequence.
- Evidently: Clearly or obviously.
- Generally: In most cases.
- However: Nevertheless.
- Moreover: In addition.
- Specifically: In a particular or precise way.
Prepositions
Academic language prepositions are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to indicate the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence. Some common academic language prepositions include:
- According to: In agreement with.
- Despite: In spite of.
- For the purpose of: With the intention of.
- In addition to: As well as.
- In order to: With the intention of.
- On behalf of: Representing.
- With regard to: Concerning.
Conjunctions
Academic language conjunctions are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses. Some common academic language conjunctions include:
- Although: Even though.
- And: In addition.
- Because: For the reason that.
- But: However.
- Consequently: As a result.
- Furthermore: In addition.
- However: Nevertheless.
Determiners
Academic language determiners are precise and often have multiple meanings. They are used to specify or limit the meaning of a noun. Some common academic language determiners include:
- A: One.